Mutiple chisel structure for disintegrating and removing incrustations from interiorwalls of receptacles



March 27, 1951 c. H. PRESCOTT, JR 2,546,700

MULTIPLE CHISEL STRUCTURE FOR DISINTEGRATING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS FROM INTERIOR WALLS OF RECEPTACLES Sept. 2, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed INVENTOR. (/1424 E5 /7. P125560 7 7- Je.

ATORNEY.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 1951 c. H. PRESCOTT, JR

MULTIPLE CHISEL STRUCTURE FOR DISINTEGRATING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS FROM INTERIOR WALLS 0F RECEPTACLES Original Filed Sept. 2, 1944 ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 27, 1951 MULTIPLE CHISEL STRUCTURE FOR DIS- INTEGRATING AND REMOVING INCRUS- TATIONS FROM INTERIOR WALLS OF RECEPTACLES Charles H. Prescott, Jr., Berkeley, Calif., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission Original application September 2, 1944, Serial No.

552,556. Divided and this application November 2, 1945, Serial No. 626,388

4 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for use in connection with packaging and/or closing, in the absence of air, receptacles containing material that is rapidly decomposed or otherwise affected deleteriously when exposed to atmospheric conditions. More particularly, it appertains to certain implements useful in connection with vacuum apparatus adapted for the purification of chemical compounds such as uranium chlorides that must be handled in the absence, or substantial absence, of air. This application is a division of my prior copending application Serial No. 552,556, filed September 2, 1944, and contains claims directed to certain adjuvant apparatus elements that have proved to be particularly useful in conjunction with the method and apparatus forming the subject matter of the prior application.

The invention has for an object the provision of adjuvant apparatus elements useful in connection with the vacuum packaging of a hygroscopic material such as hygroscopic uranium compounds. Other objects are to provide certain apparatus elements useful in conjunction with apparatus forpurifying and packaging uranium compounds under vacuum conditions, and to seal hermetically vacuum containers charged with uranium compounds. Additional objects are to provide certain apparatus elements useful in conjunction with apparatus adapted to isolate a uranium chloride in a vacuum, to sublime a uranium chloride in a vacuum, to purify a uranium chloride in a vacuum, and to store a uranium chloride in a vacuum. A general advance in the art and other objects that will appear hereinafter are also contemplated.

In accordance with this invention, an apparatus has been originated for packaging a volatile, hygroscopic compound, such as a volatile, hygroscopic uranium compound, comprising subliming a hygroscopic uranium compound, condensing the sublimed compound, charging a container with the sublimed compound, and hermetically sealing the container, all of the operations being conducted without exposing the hygroscopic uranium compound to the atmosphere. Uranium compounds that are suitable for treatment in this manner are uranium hexachloride, uranium tetrachloride, and the like.

An apparatus suitable for purifying and packaging the hygroscopic uranium compound comprises a subliming chamber, a condensing chamber joined thereto, a storage receptacle and a conduit connecting the condensing chamber and storage receptacle, means for maintaining a vacuum in the apparatus, means for heating the subliming chamber whereby the uranium compound is sublimed into the condensing chamber where it is condensed, means for moving the sublimed and condensed uranium compound into the conduit and the storage receptacle, and means for hermetically sealing the charged storage receptacle. The present application is concerned more particularly with certain adjuvant apparatus elements that have been found to be particularly well adapted for assisting in maintaining the proper movement of solid material, comprising the uranium or other compound, through the apparatus, and particularly through the subliming and/or condensing chamber.

It has been found that under the thermal conditions obtainin in the subliming and/or condensing chambers, the uranium or other compound forming the charge material and/or the uranium or other compound forming the sublimed and purified product frequently tends to adhere tightly to the wall of the subliming and/or condensing chambers. Moreover; the uranium or other compound, particularly that comprising the purified product, is sometimes present in the apparatus in the form of lumps or granules and/or conglomerated masses that require to be broken up if the broad objects of the apparatus are to be attained in the most preferred manner. Furthermore, it appears that the charge material itself that is introduced into the subliming chamber sometimes tends to conglomerate, due to the thermal conditions obtaining within the subliming chamber and/or possibly in some cases due in part to a slight residual moisture content in the charge material.

Accordingly, certain adjuvant apparatus elements have been fabricated particularly with a view toward the more efficient handling of the material undergoing processing in the subliming and/or condensin chamber of the receptacle charging apparatus forming the subject matter of the above-mentioned copending application Serial No. 552,556. As will appear more fully hereinafter, these adjuvant apparatus elements are materials-handling elements so arranged and employed in connection with the apparatus that they are operable from outside the apparatus through appropriate Wilson seals, thereby permitting them to be operated at will from without the apparatus at the convenience of the operator, without at the same time making it necessary t break the relatively high vacuum that is maintained in the interior of the apparatus.

.Qtion, of the combined charge'purifying and receptacle filling and sealing apparatus embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view, in plan, of the end of the material moving device employed in the condensing end of the apparatus of Fig. I.

Fig. 3 is a side view, in elevation, of the device of Fig. 2. r

Fig. 45 is an end view, in elevation, of the device of Fig. 2.

Fig. 51s a fragmentary view, in plan, of the end of the material moving device employed in the feeder end of the apparatus of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side view, in elevation, of the device of Fig.

Fig. 7 is an end view, in elevation, of the device of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly in section, of a portion of the apparatus of Fig. 1, illustrating the closing hood and a storage receptacle secured thereto, as well as a typical Wilson seal arrangement by which the material moving devices may be manipulated from without the apparatus without at the same time breaking the vacuum existing within.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 8 of the drawings, there is illustrated a purifying and packaging apparatus constructed largely of glass and comprising a hopper H3 in which the material to be processed is placed before the purification operation is started. A hopper having a capacity of about one liter is suitable. This hopper has a conduit [2 through which it is filled with rawmaterial, a tubular extension l4 designed to receive a conventional Wilson seal [6 having a vacuum testing connection tube l8, and a duct ZUfor connection to a vacuum-producing apparatus (not shown). A removable plug 22 fitting tightly in the conduit l2 seals this part of the apparatus against the atmosphere.

Raw material is released from the hopper ID as desired by means of a feeding device comprising a stainless steel disklike gate 24. This gate, comprising two slightly warped semicircular metal sheets, is" carried on a rod 26 that extends through the Wilson seal I6 and is operated by a handwheel 28. A cylindrical rod made of one-quarter inch stainless or ordinary carbon steel stock is suitable. Rotation of the handwheel 28 produces rotation of the gate 24 which thereupon functions like a feed screw to release material from the hopper in a conventional manner.

Thehopper H3 is connected to a subliming container or kiln 30 by means of a duct 32, through which the raw material is delivered by gravity when released by the gate 24. Ordinarily, the container 30 is a 2.25inch diameter Pyrex glass cylinder about 50 inches long. The container 30 furnace fit.

has two downwardly extending delivery ducts or tubes 3d and 35. The sublimed and purified material is transmitted to a storage receptacle 38 through the tube 35, and unsublimed material is moved through the tube 34 to a receptacle 40 connected thereto at 62. The container also has tubular extensions 44, 36 and 43 constituting portals for the devices that manipulate materials being processed, as well as two ducts 5i] and 52, located exteriorly of the path of material as it is processed, for connections to apparatus capable of producing a vacuum of at least 10 mm. Hg. A gastight joint '54 is provided to facilitate assembling and cleaning the apparatus.

Near its center the horizontally disposed container 38 has a subliming zone surrounded by a This furnace consists of two semicylindrical electrical resistance heaters 53 and 60, capable of raising the mass of material being processed to its volatilization and/or decomposition temperature. The temperature commonly employed in subliming uranium hexachloride in this apparatus is about 150 to 180 C., or even as high as 210 C. The heaters have individual electrical connections 62 and 6d for a source of heating current. Thev heater. sections are constructed to provide space for a thermocouple well 86. The thermocouple therein (not shown) is connected by conductors B8 and ill to an indicating and/or recording instrument '52, such as a potentiometer or voltmeter, which may be suitably callbrated to indicate and/or record directly in terms of the temperature prevailing Within the subliming zone- For moving material inside the vessel 38 at the feeder end thereof, an implement comprising a rod '14 carrying a chisel l6 and a hoe i8 is provided. To insure adequate rigidity, this rod should be about one-quarter inch in diameter. The rod. M extends through a conventional Wilson seal as in the tubular extension 44, and carries on its external end a handwheel 82 by which the implement is manipulated. The chisel I6 and hoe 18 are ordinarily made of stainless steel. The hoe is preferably in the form of an approximately helical sector, tilted at an angle of about 22.5 to a plane normal to the axis of the rod, so that by rotating the rod Us the hoe can be screwed into the mass of granular material in the chamber without pushing the entire mass of material forward, thus breaking up lumps or aggregates of the material.

For testing the gastightness of the connection around the rod 74, the Wilson seal 88 has, as is usual with these devices, a lateral tube 84 for connection to vacuum-producing apparatus.

At the delivery end of the container 39, in the tubular extension 66, there is another material manipulating arrangement comprising a rod 86 carrying a chisel 88 and a scraper blade BB -a surface of which is substantially normal to the axis of the rod. As clearly shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the chisel. portion 88 comprises one chisel surface 92 adapted to contact more or less closely the wall surface of the chamber 30 in orderto scrape sublimate therefrom, and a second chisel surface 3 extending ahead of, and. substantially at right angles to, the first-mentioned chisel. surface 92, thereby functioning-to split portions of the sublimate away from the main. bulk thereof before the first-mentioned chisel surface 92 can develop a wedge action upon the main mass of sublimate when the tool is driven in a direction generally parallel to the wall surface. It will also be noted that the second-mentioned chisel surface 04 slopes with respect "to the axis of the rod, forming a relatively sharp trihedral angle at the outermost point, which point (as shown in Fig. 3) lies somewhat below the plane of the first-mentioned chisel surface 92, the whole thereby forming an extremely effective chisel.

The rod 86 extends through an improved Wilson seal 96 and carries, exteriorly of the container 30, a handwheel 98 by which it is manipulated. This rod is also preferably of onequarter inch round stock. The diaphragm case or holder of the Wilson seal carries the customary vacuum connection tube I00.

The improved Wilson seal 96 preferably employed in conjunction with rod 86 is of a new design, being specially constructed to allow more than the usual (12) deflection for the rod 86, as is customary in the conventional Wilson seal, such as seal 80. This improved Wilson seal is fully described in U. S. Patent 2,442,622 to Starr, issued June 1, 1948. For specific details of this improved Wilson seal reference may be had to the aforementioned Starr patent, it being sufficient for present purposes to note in passing,

that the greater range in movement afforded by this seal is obtained by an arrangement including a swivel joint. This joint, located between the case carrying the diaphragms (not shown) and the plug fitting into the extension 46, is covered by a conventional flexible thin metal bellows I02. This bellowsis soldered to the aforementioned parts to permit maintaining the high vacuum inside the apparatus. v

The tubular extension 48 extending upwardly from the container 30 carries a conventional Wilson seal I04, incorporating a vacuum testing connection tube I06. A rod I08, wh ch extends through the Wilson seal I04, has a pointed and/or notched end I I0 and carries adjacent thereto a small hook I I2 pointing in substantially the opposite direction. This rod is conveniently made from one-eighth inch round stock. A handwheel H4 at the external end of the rod I08 is utilized for imparting movement thereto.

Referring now to Fig. 8, the duct 36 projects into a hood I30 and terminates in a nozzle I32 which is surrounded by a telescoping spout I34. During the time the storage receptacle 38 in being filled, this spout projects into the mouth of the receptacle and is supported on the top of the receptacle by an integral, laterally projecting flange I36. This arrangement forms'a continuous passage, whereby material falling through the duct 36 is conducted into the interior of the receptacle, thereby avoiding an accumulation of material in fine particle or dust form on the top of the receptacle adjacent the closure, which accumulation of material would interfere with sealing the closure.

The hood I30 comprises a flange I38 conforming to the top of the receptacle 38 and a laterally extending tubular portion I40 that forms the housing for a rod I 42 that is supported within a conventional Wilson seal I44. This rod, preferably of one-quarter inch round stock, is manipulated by a handwheel I46 and carries on its inner end a hook I 48 which, during the receptacle filling operation, supports a cap I50 for the receptacle 38 in a position within the lateral extension I40 where the cap cannot interfere with the descent of material into the storage receptacle (Fig. 1 po ition). The hook II 2 on the rod I08 supports the telesco c spout I34 above the mouth of the receptacle 38 during the receptacle capping operation (Fig. 8 position).

The conventional Wilson seal I44 that closes the tubular extension I40 is typicalof theconventional Wilson seals that have been referred to hereinbefore, and consequently will be described in some detail for the sake of completeness. This seal comprises a. plug portion I60 having a seat upon which a rubber diaphragm I 62 is supported. A circular and annular spacer I64 engages the diaphragm I62 and, in turn, is engaged by a second rubber diaphragm I66. This assembly is maintained in position by a washer I68 and a screw plug W0. A vent I12 in the annular portion of the spacer I64 connects the space between the rubber diaphragms I62 and I66 to a tube H4. This tube H4 is employed as a vacuum connection for testing the adequacy of the seal made between the rod I42 and the two cooperating diaphragms Hi2 and I66. By evacuating the tube H4, it is possible to determine before the processing of material is started whether or not a gastight seal between the rod I42 and the plug I60 is formed by either or both of the diaphragms I62 and I66.

The receptacle 33 is cylindrical in shape and has a circular mouth I in the top. Surrounding the mouth is a groove I82 designed to receive the depending skirt or flange I84 of the cap 550, and a groove I06 for packing purposes. Ordinarily, the mouth I 80 and grooves I 02 and I86 are located concentrically in the top of the receptacle. An annular gasket I38, preferably made of rubber, is positioned in the groove I06 in order to produce a vacuum-tight seal between the receptacle 38 and the hood I30. Preferably, the receptacle 38 is made of stainless steel, for example, 18-8 (lS-Cr, S-Ni; U. SS. #316) stock, but other metals not readily attacked by the vapors of uranium halides may be used if desired.

The receptacle 30 is secured to the hood I30 while being filled and closed by a cage-like frame 200. This frame comprises a split ring that grips the receptacle 33 and a split collar that extends over the flange I30 on the hood I30. The split ring is indicated by the reference numeral 202 and the split collar by the reference numeral 204. The split ring is held in gripping engagement with the receptacle 38 in a manner that will be apparent upon inspection of Figs. 1 and 8, and is in turn secured to the split collar 204 that supports the entire assembly in gastight relation against the flange I30 of the hood I30 in a manner that likewise will be apparent upon inspection of these figures. A fiat ring 206, preferably made of rubber, serves as a cushion between the split collar 204 of the frame 200 and the frangible flange I38 of the hood I30. Further specific details of this assemblyv are not pertinent to the present claimed invention, but may be obtained by consulting the above-mentioned prior copending application Serial No. 552,556.

The cap I50 that is adapted to be soldered into sealing engagement over the mouth of the receptacle 38 constitutes an arrangement that is fully described in the copending application of Duane C. Sewell, Serial No. 554,926, filed Sen tember 20, 1944, while the method of completing the appropriate seal between the two is fully described in the above-mentioned prior copending application Serial No. 552,556. Since this subject matter forms no part of the present claimed invention, it is deemed unnecessary to describe it in detail at this point, it being suflicient to note in passing that the cap I 50 removably supports an electric heater 2I0, the

heater 2H) being secured in place by an arrangement including a screw 2E2 threaded into the cap I50. The heater includes an electric resistance element, one terminal of which is grounded to the cap we and the other terminal of which is connected to a terminal post 2M in the form of a loop or eyelet. The circuit for the heater element may be completed (in a manner not shown) by setting the notched end iii! of the rod H38 against the loop 2M, and by connecting the rod IE8 and. the receptacle 38 to a suitable current source by a circuit having a suitable switch (not shown) for making and breaking the heater circuit. 7

Considering now the mode of operation of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 8, the hopper I8 is filled with a mass of raw or crude hygroscopic material 336 (such as uranium hexachloride) in subdivided form through the conduit l2, and the plug 22 is fitted into the end of the conduit I2 in gastight relation. A quantity of glass or other relatively inert material 302, in the form of powder or small heads, is placed in the container 30 in a position from which it can be later advanced toward the subliming zone for a purpose to be noted more fully hereinafter; a previously prepared receptacle cap ili is suspended upon the hook I48 carried by the rod I42 in the tubular extension Hill; a previously prepared storage receptacle 38 is secured and sealed to the hood E30 by the frame 298, the telescopic spout I34 being adjusted in the mouth 18% of the storage receptacle 38; the receptacle so is secured to the tube 3 1; and the joints 42 and 54 are closed. Preferably, the joints 42 and 54, as well as the connections between the conduit l2 and the plug 22 are sealed in a gastight manner with ordinary sealing wax. Similarly, the connection between the tubular extension [4 and the Wilson seal it, the connection between the tubular extension 44 and the Wilson seal 83, the connection between the tubular extension 46 and the Wilson seal 98, the connection between the tubular extension 48 and the Wilson seal H34, and the connection between the tubular extension I48 and the Wilson seal I are also sealed with sealing wax. The vacuum-testing tubes 58, 86, H30, H35 and I'M, respectively associated with the Wilson seals 16, 86, 98,134 and M4 are suitably connected to the vacuum- ,producing apparatus and the several Wilson seals are tested in order to insure that the apparatus as a whole is gastight. The ducts 28, 59 and 52 are then connected to the vacuumproducing apparatus, whereby the container 3% and the connected parts are evacuated to a relatively low pressure, such for example as mm. Hg. I 3A portion of the crude uranium heXachlor-ide 36B is introduced into the container 38 by suitably rotating or reciprocating the handwheel 28 in order to control the gate 24, and is positioned in the heating zone within the furnace, as shown at by means of the hoe "E3. Thereafter the subdivided glass or other relatively inert material 3B2 is spread over the adjacent or feed side of the pile of crude uranium hexachloride,

as shown at 3%, thereby preventing or substantially preventing the flow of vapors toward the feed side of the apparatus. Heat is then applied, causing volatilization of the uranium hexachlcride, the vapor of which flows toward the cooler portion of the container 30 and condenses thereon, as shown at 308. Accordingly,

*it will be noted that'the portion of the container lying between the heater 56 and-the. duct 48 functions as an air-cooled condenser; it. may be additionally noted that, when and if desired, supp.emental cooling structure, such as a sub rounding coil (not shown) through which. i's'cirw culated a cooling medium such as water, may be provided at this point.

The condensate of uranium hexachlor'ide usually begins to appear when the. charge has reached a temperature of approximately 80 C. However, temperatures somewhat in excess of 150 0., for example in the range of approximately 150 to 190 C., are preferred for the sublimation of this material at a practicable rate.

The sublimation of the UCls" may be carried to substantial completion by raising the tempera ture to about 210 C. for a short time (up to about thirty minutes) at the end of .a. run at the lower temperature mentioned. The. use. of the higher temperature for extended periods is ordinarily not desired because uranium hexachloride begins to decompose slightly at C., and at an appreciable rate above C. in vacuo.

The layer of glass 3M5v serves to retard or prevent the flow of volatilized uranium compound in the opposite direction. When thevaporization' of the charge has been completed, the

glass and residual matter from the charge is raked back and into the receptacle 40 as shown at 318, except for a portion which preferably is retained in the tube 30' between ducts 32 and 34 to serve as a vapor blocking layer for the succeeding mass of crude material to be-processed. Another portion of the crudematerial 388' is then admitted to the tube 30 from the hopper I9 and is positioned in the heating zone at 386, after which it is covered with a layer 306 of subdivided glass and nonvaporized-material from a previous runor runs, and another vaporization cycle is conducted. These cycles are then repeated without breaking vacuum until the supply of crude uranium hexachloride 300 has been exhausted.

The condensed uranium hexachloride 388- that collects on the cooler portions of the wall of the container 30 is' chiseled away, preferably after each sublimation, with the chisel 83 and raked into the duct 35' with the hoe 99. The sublimate is deposited on the inside of thetube 30 ina zone ordinarily extending from about one-half inch to twelve inches from the edge of the hot zone, with the thickest deposit usually occurringin the first three inches. The uranium hexachloride that sublimes below C. condenses in this three-inch zone in a layer usually about %-inch thick. This deposit has a mechanical strength approximately equal to that of anthracite coal and hence must be chiseled off the wall. However, the adhesion between the deposit and the glass is somewhat weaker than its internal strength or cohesion, so that the deposit-tends to scale or break off in large pieces, particularly when the wall surface of the container 30 is clean. For this reason it will be apparent that the chisel 88 comprising the forward cutting edge 94,. tending to break off the deposit in the form of smaller pieces before large pieces scale oil the container wall, is of particular advantagein handling material of this character. Piecestoo large to pass through the duct 36- may be chopped intosmaller pieces by means of the pointed end Illloftherod H18. I

Although by this: method all of the sublimed and purified uranium hexachloride may not be completely removed from the wall of the container 30, and although some slight amount of uranium hexachloride vapor may have seeped through the barrier layer 306 and deposited in solid form in the feed end of the tube 30, it is unnecessary to clean the tube after each run since dry air (which may be introduced into the apparatus when fresh feed material is introduced into the hopper l0 and which might remain in extremely small amount in the apparatus) causes no visible decomposition of the uranium hexachloride. It is therefore customary practice to clean the entire apparatus only after a number of runs. 4

. A single run of the type described above usually requires a full working day and produces approximately one-half kilogram of highly purified uranium hexachloride, these figures being ex emplary and based upon the particular apparatus chosen by way of illustration. 7

Instead of treating an impure uranium hexachloride to obtain the desired highly purified uranium hexachloride product as described above, uranium pentachloride may be employed as the starting material for the production of uranium hexachloride by the reaction mechanism disclosed in the copending application of Francis A. Jenkins, Serial No. 494,447, filed July 13,1943; i e by the disproportionation of uranium pentachloride into uranium hexachloride and uranium tetrachloride under the influence of heat. When uranium pentachloride is used asthe starting m'aterial'300, it'is heated in the subliming zone to a temperature" ranging from "about 80 'toabout 180 C. but preferably toward the upper end'of this'range. Temperature as high as 250 C(ma'y be employed for short periods, so as not to cause undue decomposition of the produced'uranium he'z'cachloride. At such temperatures, and under high vacuum, the uranium pentachl'oride is decomposed into uranium tetrachloride and ura nium hexachloride, the latter passing out 'of'tl'ie heated zone in the form of vapor whichis condensed in the cooler portion of the container '30 from which it is removed'and loaded into the storage receptacle 38, as more fully described above. A residue, mainly uranium tetrachloride, of over 50 per cent of the original material is left in the sublimation zone. As this residue accumulates in the sublimation zone during and as a result of the disproportionation of successive charges of uranium pentachloride and the attendant vaporization of uranium hexachloride produced thereby, the undesired accumulation of residue is raked into the duct 34 and collected'in is positioned in the subliming zone at 304.

-"Uranium tetrachloride of more or less impure form may also be used as the starting material 300 where it is desired to'prepare and/or pack age this compound in a highly purified form for subsequent use. In this case the operation of theapparatus is generally similar to that already described for the case of uranium hexachloride, except that considerably higher temperatures, such as 512 to 520 C., are preferably employed for. subliming the uranium tetrachloride since this compound is considerably less volatile than uranium hexachloride. In general, a temperature of at least 500 C. is preferably employed- Condensation of purified uranium tetrachloride in the 10= cooler portions of the tube is ordinarily first observed at a temperature of about 365 to 0 C., under the pressure conditions already set forth. However, temperatures of from approximately 500 to 550 C. or higher are required for th sublimation of this material at a practicable When these higher temperatures are emplayed it maybe desirable to employ additional rate.

"It will be understood that when a sufficient quantity of sublirnate ofhighly purified uranium hexachloride (or of highly purified uranium tetrachloride, when the starting material 300 comprises mor e or less, impure uranium tetrachloride as described in the preceding paragraph) has been deposited on the walls of the container 30 as shown at 308, the deposit is removed from the Having collected the desired quantity of puriffied sublimate in the storage receptacle 3 8 th e rod E08 is manipulated so that hook H2 lifts the telescopic spout from the fill'ng position shown in Fig. 1 to the cappingposition shown Fig. 8, the rod M2 with its hook Milearrying the cover I50 is manipulated to move the cover from its retracted filling position shown in Fig.1 tothe position shown in Fig.8, and the: cover is thereupon placed in capping position with its skirt :84 disposed in groove I82 of the receptacle 3 8,

(It will be understood that the groove132- in the top of the storage receptacle 38 and the skirt I84 of the cap i 50 willhave been prepared previously for the soldering operation, in the manner fully described in the prior copendingapplication Serial No. 552,556 Rod M2 is then manipulated so that its hook 43 supports the telescoping spout ld htherebyrfreeing rod N38 with its pointed end l 50 foranother purpose, namely, that of completing the electric circuit to the re ceptacl cap heater 210. .For this purpose the rod I08 is manipulated so that its notched .end I I0 bear firmly upon the eyelet, 2M that forms a terminal ,post for the resistance. element ofthe heater 2m that is attached to the .cover [50. Upon completing the electrical circuit including the heater 2 I0, the latter is energized and thereby supplies sufiicient heat to the cap I50 to melt a mass of solder, such as Woods metal, that is em}- ployed to hermetically seal the cap to the receptacle 38. The circuit is then opened and, after cooling, the Woods metal forms a hermetic seal between the skirt H34 of the cover 150 and the top of the storage receptacle 38'. The frame 200 by which the receptacle 38 is clamped against the flange I38 of the hood 1 30 may 'then' be unfas'- tened, and the storage receptacle 38 with its her,- metically sealed contents removed from the ape paratus. Another} receptacle cover or cap I50 and another storage receptacle 38 (previously prepared for the soldering operatiomfmay then be assertiofl plac'edjj posit on in the apparatus and the purifying, and sealing; operations resumed.

The, vacuum-producing; device. associated with. the purifying and packaging; apparatustof Figs; to, 8' has not been shown in; detail since it will? be understood that may be purely conventional. in nature. Thus, this device preferably" comprigses twoliquid air'traps and a, mercury" dif' fusion pump. In addition, it is preferable to incrude drying tubes provided withmagnesiumperchlorate and"phosphorus pentoxide, to dry the stream; of air entering the, apparatus when; it islet dbwnto atmospheric pressure;

When processing corrosive materials such as are described herein, o it is desirable-particularly" iirrview' of the relatively elevated temperatures emplbyedeto use specially selected materials of construction forthe apparatus; Because-of its; heat resistance, Pyrex. glass is the preferred ma-- terial: for constructing the principal parts" of theapparatusz, The rods 26, M, 86, I 08 and-M2, the hoes Tit-and 9B; the hooks I' [-2 and 148 and storage: receptacle 38 are preferably made of? stainless steelstock, suclr as; 18-8' ("Cr-1'8, Ni8-; Eff; S. S. #316), in order to resist corrosion by chlorine-containing materials inside the app'aratus: Fhe chi'selsor spikes T6 and 81? are made of-tool steel. The receptacle cap I50" may" be made of" soft iron, and; since soft iron is not easily wet by molten Woods' metal (the material ordinarily used forsoldering the cap to the stor age receptacle), it is desirable that the-skirt ["84 on thecap ISG be coated or tinned with" a metal that is readilywet bysuch analloy; forexample; a; noble metal such as silver; gold, platinum,

irid-innrorosmium; For like reasons, it is pref erable also to coatthe interior of the groove F82 with alayerof Wettingmetal, such as one or the noble metals just mentioned; The Woods metal referred ta above is al very low-melting: material, usually the quaternaryalloy- Bi, 251%, ms Sn Gd? This substance melts at C; A- silver solder comprising 68 Ag; 30Cu and 'E5iZn is especially-suitable for ti ririing tne skirt 1 8* on thecap F511;.

While the foregoi ne' apparatus liUS'--b8lldeiscribed connection with a. process for treating certain named uraniuzon compounds, it will; be obvious that it is not limited'to usewith such materials; It will beespeciallyobwious: thatthe adijuvant apparatus elements to which the: claims llzerei n: are particularly. directed are ofi wide ape plipatiorr, and that will; be found to be well adapted for processing other materials: vacno: where itis necessary-tit move the' materials undergoing processing. 'flromu- Without; the. mariaratus', Without air-the same time disturbing: vacuumconditions Bnobably many apparently widely; d-ifiierent embodiments of; thiejnxzention; be: made without departing; from; the; principlebreadth and. spirit thereof; and it is,- to'be understood, therefore, that this! inventionis not limited to the specific embodiments thereof, except as. en, compassed in the. followin claims What claimed is;

1. Aned'gecL tool designed; to remove. from the wall; of a processing chamber a vmaterial tena: cious l'y adhering thereto comprising a, rod car:- rying a first chisel" adapted to rest upon the Wall surface to scrape the material therefrom}, the cutting edge of the first mentioned chisel being substantially perpendicular to the axis of' the rod; and" a second: chisel substantially at right angles totl'ie first-mentioned chisel and project ingt ahead threofwllile slopingefearvvanatty there fi'om', the cutting edge of the seeond' mentioned. chisel sloping with respect to the axis of therodt and forming arelatively sharp trihed-ral angle: at the outermost point thereof; whereby portions: of the'materi'al may be splitawa'y' from the bullethereof by the second-mentioned ch-i'sel before: the first-mentioned chisel-can develop a; wedge actionwhenthe toot is driven a direction generally parallel to-thewall surfacei 22' III" combination wit-1r a processing sham-ber in which material adapted to be processed substantially out of-contact with the atnuaspl iere asseal in awall of the processing chamber, and a rodextending through the seal in a substantially gasti'ght manner, theend oi the rottwithe in the processing; chaniitaeeconstituting an edged; tool designed to'remo've from the wall ot processing chamber a-materia-l tenaciously ad hering thereto, theedged tool? conipri'si-r-ig a; chisel adapted to rest upom the wallsurfaceto scrape the material therefrom; and a seconrr chisel substantially at right angles to"tl'ie -first mentioned chisel and projecting ahead-tFiereoi while" slopingrearwardly' therefrom, Whereoy; portions ofi'thematerial may be split away from the bulkthereof 7 before: the first-mentioned chisel can develop"- a Wedge actionwhen thetoolz is driven in a direction generally parallel to the Wall; surface.

3; In combination witha seal adapted-for location in a; walf of a, processingchamber in which material is adapted to be processed supstantial'ly out of contact the atmosphere;

' an edged. tool comprising a rod carrying a first maybes ut awarfrmr'the bull; thereofbyi tire second-mentioned,chiseli before the. firstirniene ti'onedf chisel, can develop, a, wedgeaction; when the. tool. is driven, in, a direction generally paranoia to the, wall. surface.

4.,Forvuse in the, removalifitomi the. walliofia processing, chamber oftmaterial; tcnaciouslyladhoning. thereto, chisel means comprising anclone gatedrodmountedior rotatablcand' reciprQca-ble movement in a, stationary walllvoi thecha'mber and having: a unitaryl chisel afiixed. to one, end of. said rod" afirst chisel surface saidblock: extending. firom one. side; thereoi and: terminating forwardly in; astraight edgeextendg ing. transversely' otsaid rod a pair of conver in chisel; surfaces,- extending: fronran. opposite'side of the block. ands ii-itcrsejctingto form azstraight edge; which; projects from; said: opposite side; diagonally across the axis of the rodhandi tor minates a sharp point in forwardly spaced relation to said transversel yextending straight edge to provide an openspaceinsaid block intermediate said first surface and said converg ingsurfaces, and a pair of forwardly convergi'ng su-rfaces defininga straight edgeat theinner most portion of saidspa ce, wherebyfmateriatfirst loosened by---said second surface and 1ater-'-- removed' by said-first surface may bepassed througlr 13 said open space during longitudinal movement Number of the chisel means. 1,098,128 CHARLES H. PRESCOTT, JR. 1,347,649 1,419,886 REFERENCES CITED 5 2,246,421 The following references are of record in the 2,322,419 file of this patent: 2,354,245

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name 4 Date m Numb r 267,306 Gall Nov. 7, 188 3, 343,769 Levi June 15, 1886 Name Date Schlacht May 26, 1914 Mosher July 27, 1920 Muller June 13, 1922 Tate June 1'7, 1941 Cranford June 22, 1943 Corbosiero July 25, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain of 1884 

